[Pediatric onychomycosis: Update and management]. / Onicomicosis en pediatría: Actualización y tratamiento.

Onychomycosis (OM) is a fungal infection of the nails, whose main etiologic agent is Trichophytum rubrum. Although, it is an unusual pathology in children, in the last years an increase in its preva lence has been observed. To date, there are several studies and clinical guidelines for OM in adults. However, literature in children is scarce, which makes pediatric treatment difficult. The objective of this publication was to review the current literature in order to establish diagnostic methods for OM, national and international epidemiological data, and to provide treatment options taking into account their efficiency and safety profile in the pediatric population.

Onicomicosis en pediatría: actualización y tratamiento / Pediatric onychomycosis: update and management

Resumen: La onicomicosis (OM) es una infección fúngica de las uñas, cuyo principal agente causal es el Tricophytum rubrum. Si bien es una patología infrecuente en niños, se ha observado un aumento en la prevalencia en el último tiempo. Hasta la fecha, existen diversos estudios y guías clínicas de OM en adultos. Sin embargo, la literatura en edad pediátrica es escasa, lo que dificulta el tratamiento en pediatría. En el presente articulo se revisa la literatura actual, los métodos diagnosticos de OM, datos epidemiológicos locales y globales, y se presentan las opciones de tratamiento disponibles conside rando su eficacia y perfil de seguridad en población pediátrica.

Abstract: Onychomycosis (OM) is a fungal infection of the nails, whose main etiologic agent is Trichophytum rubrum. Although, it is an unusual pathology in children, in the last years an increase in its preva lence has been observed. To date, there are several studies and clinical guidelines for OM in adults. However, literature in children is scarce, which makes pediatric treatment difficult. The objective of this publication was to review the current literature in order to establish diagnostic methods for OM, national and international epidemiological data, and to provide treatment options taking into account their efficiency and safety profile in the pediatric population.

Larva migrans cutánea autóctona en Chile: A propósito de un caso / Autochthonous cutaneous larva migrans in Chile: A case report

Introducción: La larva migrans cutánea (LMC) es la dermatitis tropical más frecuente y corresponde a una zoonosis causada por nemátodos, cuyo hospedero son los gatos y los perros. El hombre actúa como hospedero accidental. Clínicamente se presenta como una placa lineal eritematosa pruriginosa, de crecimiento lento en la planta del pie. El diagnóstico es clínico, basado en la morfología de la lesión, asociado al antecedente de viaje a zonas endémicas. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de LMC autóctona en Chile. Caso clínico: Niño de 3 años sano, con lesión lineal en la planta del pie, clínicamente compatible con LMC. Se indica tratamiento con ivermectina, evolucionando con resolución completa de la lesión. El paciente no presentaba antecedentes de viajes fuera de Chile, pero sí de contacto con perros. Conclusión: La LMC es descrita clásicamente como una dermatitis del viajero. Se presenta este caso debido a que hasta la fecha no se registran reportes previos de LMC en niños adquirida en Chile.

Introduction: Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is the most common tropical dermatitis. It is caused by nematodes hosted by cats and dogs. Humans act as an accidental reservoir. Clinically, it manifests as a slow-growing, elevated linear, erythematous and pruritic plaque, on the sole of the foot. Diagnosis is clinical, based on the morphology of the lesion associated with recent travel to endemic areas. Objective: To present an autochthonous case of CLM in Chile. Clinical case: A 3-year-old boy, presented with a linear lesion on his foot, clinically compatible with CLM. He received a single dose of ivermectin and had complete resolution of the lesion. The patient had no history of travel outside of Chile, but had contact with dogs. Conclusion: CLM is classically described as travellers dermatitis. We present this case, because there are no previous reports of CLM acquired in Chile by children.

[Autochthonous cutaneous larva migrans in Chile. A case report]. / Larva migrans cutánea autóctona en Chile. A propósito de un caso.

INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is the most common tropical dermatitis. It is caused by nematodes hosted by cats and dogs. Humans act as an accidental reservoir. Clinically, it manifests as a slow-growing, elevated linear, erythematous and pruritic plaque, on the sole of the foot. Diagnosis is clinical, based on the morphology of the lesion associated with recent travel to endemic areas. OBJECTIVE: To present an autochthonous case of CLM in Chile. CLINICAL CASE: A 3-year-old boy, presented with a linear lesion on his foot, clinically compatible with CLM. He received a single dose of ivermectin and had complete resolution of the lesion. The patient had no history of travel outside of Chile, but had contact with dogs. CONCLUSION: CLM is classically described as travellers dermatitis. We present this case, because there are no previous reports of CLM acquired in Chile by children.

Woolly hair nevus in a toddler.

Woolly hair nevus (WHN) is a rare hair condition, with only a few cases reported. It affects young children of both sexes and currently, there is no available treatment. When WHN is associated with an epidermal nevus, further study is required to rule out ophthalmologic and neurologic abnormalities. We present the case of a Chilean 3-year-old healthy girl with a WHN, with no other clinical findings. This case illustrates a WHN in which the benign and chronic nature of the disease must be advised to the parents in order to prevent further concerns.

Utilidad del diagnóstico serológico de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en niños / Serological diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) afecta al 50 por ciento de la población mundial. La infección se adquiere en la infancia; siendo justamente el grupo pediátrico en el cual impera la necesidad de validar métodos diagnósticos no invasivos que permitan diagnosticar la infección. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar la literatura sobre el diagnóstico serológico de la infección por H. pylori, con especial énfasis en población pediátrica. La mayor utilidad de la serología ha sido en estudios epidemiológicos, al permitir conocer la prevalencia de la infección. En pacientes adultos esta técnica presenta valores de sensibilidad y especificidad superiores al 90 por ciento y es comparable a métodos diagnósticos invasivos; la situación cambia en población pediátrica, sobre todo en el grupo de niños pequeños donde la serología pierde mucho de su sensibilidad y especificidad, lo cual restringe el uso de la serología para propósitos clínicos en población infantil.